Based on SEER 2014-2018 cancer data, incidence rates for males diagnosed with CRC are highest in African American males (49.9 per 100,000 persons).

Incidence rates for women diagnosed with CRC are highest in African American women (37.5 per 100,000 persons).

The Non-Hispanic Black population has the highest rates of advanced distant-stage CRC and the lowest 5-year survival of all race and ethnicities.

Incidence rates for young-onset CRC African Americans having been growing; this population tend to be diagnosed with tumors in the proximal colon which tends to have higher mortality rates and poor outcomes. A call to action to change screening strategies by changing the age of when people get screened.6 The screening age was changed to age 45 based on recommendations by American Cancer Society to save more lives.

Prevalence of proximal adenoma is higher in Blacks than whites even though the total prevalence and prevalence for ages <60 were the same by race.

Mortality rates for CRC are highest in African American males (22.5 per 100,000 persons) and African American females (14.8 per 100,000 persons).

Disparities among African Americans with mortality rates are attributed by less screening and stage-specific survival rates.

African Americans tend to face barriers to gain access to early detection via screening, quality diagnostic, and treatment interventions.

African American populations have lowered follow up rates, propagating increases in colorectal cancer within these community (February 2018).

Barriers to colorectal cancer treatment for many African Americans include lack of routine screening, minimized knowledge on the disease itself, etc. (July 2016).

Studies suggest that diet factors, like greater animal fat intake coupled with less fiber, pose significant colorectal cancer risk factors for many African Americans (March 2021). 

Unsafe environments, lack of access to healthy food, and less comprehensive health insurance can all pose as significant barriers in colorectal cancer treatment for many African Americans (September 2020).

Socioeconomic barriers to colorectal cancer screening in many African Americans include lacking insurance coverage, minimized transportation resources, limited schedule availability, etc. (December 2019).

The diet of many black individuals tends to incorporate less fiber and greater amounts of animal fat, which have been found to be colon cancer risk factors (March 2021).

Screening prevalence among Hispanics is 50%.

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd cause of cancer mortality in the Hispanic population.

Colorectal cancer accounted for approximately 11% of cancer deaths in Hispanic men and 9% of cancer deaths in women (October 2018).

Lower CRC screening rates and lack of insurance coverage have been contributors to slower declines of CRC incidence rates for Hispanics.

The colorectal cancer incidence rate among Hispanics is 54.5 per 100,000 from 2001-2014 (August 2018).

Access related screening barriers include lowered insurance coverage which can then impact the continuity of checkups, proving to be a significant challenge to Latin American and Hispanic colorectal cancer care (June 2016).

Alcohol use and weight serve as just two factors increasing colorectal cancer amounts in Hispanic communities (2019). 

Health literacy and familial pressures can serve as significant challenges impacting colorectal cancer care for many Hispanic individuals (June 2020).

Many Hispanic individuals can be uninsured, propagating a lack of access to colonoscopies (crucial colorectal cancer prevention early on) (April 2016).

Incidence rates for women diagnosed with CRC are highest in American Indian/Alaska Native women (37.5 per 100,000 persons).

Lower SES American Indian/Alaskan Natives have an increased risk of distant-stage CRC diagnosis compared to lower SES whites.

American Indian/Native Americans tend to face barriers to gain access to early detection via screening, quality diagnostic, and treatment interventions.

“Among insurance status groups, cases with no insurance experienced the highest proportions of distant-stage diagnosis (53.7%), followed by those with Medicaid (50.6%), and both were associated with higher risks of distant-stage diagnoses compared with other categories of insurance.”

Colorectal cancer rates among AIAN populations are significantly higher than those of Caucasian individuals (November 2022).

Barriers to screening of colorectal cancer include lack of community awareness, transportation, and cost for many American Indians and Alaska Natives (March 2014).

Cancer mortality rates for AI/AN populations are about 40% higher for these populations than the overall amounts for white individuals (November 2022). 

Lack of information on screening needs coupled with inadequate health care access ca pose a significant to colorectal cancer screening rates for many American Indian/Alaska Native populations (April 2018).

The prevalence of American Indians/Alaska Natives with colorectal cancer has been decreasing over time, but not as rapidly as the rates of non-Hispanic white individuals (May 2019). 

Continued systemic racism has contributed to American Indians/Alaska Natives being more likely to live in poverty without sufficient health insurance (December 2022).

Asian/Pacific Islanders tend to face barriers to gain access to early detection via screening, quality diagnostic, and treatment interventions.

Lack of language comprehension and minimized health literacy can both impact access to colorectal cancer care in many AAPI groups (September 2018). 

High rates of alcohol consumption coupled with unhealthy dietary habits and smoking significantly impact Asian American colorectal cancer prevalence (March 2020). 

Colorectal cancer incidence rates for AAPI men are about 37.1 per 100,000 and 26.5 per 100,000 for AAPI women (2021).

Native Hawaiian and other pacific islanders have a significantly high mortality rate of colorectal cancer compared to non-hispanic white populations (2022).

Lack of adequate training, communication, and cultural humility in health care providers contribute to the disparities that the LGBTQ+ community faces.

There is not a significant difference in colon cancer prevalence in heterosexual vs LGBTQ+ communities (July 2015). 

Psychosocial experiences were much different for LGBTQ+ populations, who experienced more discrimination and were more in need of mental health counseling compared to their heterosexual counterparts (September 2021). 

CRC screenings have not reached American Indian/Alaska Native, low socioeconomic groups, and those with mental illness or substance abuse.

Family history coupled with age and other background factors can act as other factors increasing colorectal cancer risk (March 2019).

Transportation barriers coupled with a chaotic way of life can pose a significant threat to colorectal cancer care for many veterans (2021).

There are about 4,000 cases of colon cancer diagnosed amongst Veterans each year (2021).

The toxic environments of veterans can put these individuals at extreme risk of developing colorectal cancer through contact with carcinogens, lead, burn pits, etc. (March 2022).

There are about 4,000 cases of colon cancer diagnosed every year among Veterans (2021).

Colorectal cancer serves as a leading cause of cancer-related death for veterans (March 2019). 

Psychosocial factors from colorectal cancer can have such an effect on veterans that many seek support through social work, psychiatrists, chaplains, etc. (March 2018).

A lot of veterans have been found to enter the healthcare system with lowered education and income levels, lowering access to colorectal cancer treatment (January 2015). 

Barriers to screenings include lack of health insurance, low income or worry about cost, lack of access to mammography centers, cultural and language differences, etc.

Incidence rates for non-Hispanic Blacks is 126.7 per 100,000 persons.

Even though non-Hispanic whites have the highest incidence rates out of all races/ethnicities (130.8 per 100,000 people), non-Hispanic Blacks have the highest incidence rates before age 40.

The high prevalence of obesity, dietary patterns, and lack of physical activity has been correlated with an increase in breast cancer risks, and non-Hispanic Blacks are disproportionately impacted by these factors.

Non-Hispanic Black women have the highest mortality rates (28.4 per 100,000 persons) among all races/ethnicities. This is more than double the rate of Asian/Pacific Islander women (11.5 per 100,000 persons).

Black women aged 50 and younger are 1.9-2.6 times more likely to die from breast cancer than white women.

For every stage at diagnosis, Black women have the lowest breast cancer survival rate.

The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is the least favorable type of breast cancer, and it is more common in Black women aged 50 or younger. (Triple-negative breast cancer indicates the estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative), progesterone receptor-negative (PR-negative), and hormone epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-negative) subtypes)

Black people are underrepresented in clinical trials because they only comprise less than 10% which hinders the generalizability of trials’ findings.

Non-Hispanic Blacks are getting mammograms more than any race/ethnic group at 74%, but their mortality rates are highest among all races. (Non-Hispanic white = 73%, Hispanic & Non-Hispanic Asian = 71%, American Indian/Alaska Native = 66%).

Some findings have shown Black and African American women may have more delays in follow-up after an abnormal mammogram than white women.

Statistically, black women are more likely to have obesity, heart disease, diabetes, etc. which puts this population at an even higher risk of breast cancer (January 2023).

Increased chemical exposure, particularly with heavy metals, have been environmental factors shown to lead to increased risk of breast cancer for many African Americans (2021).

With greater probabilities of later stage diagnoses and lack of insurance for treatment, many African Americans struggle with obtaining adequate treatment for their breast cancer (January 2020).

Barriers to screenings include lack of health insurance, low income or worry about cost, lack of access to mammography centers, cultural and language differences, etc.

Lack of testing through lowered awareness and physician based recommendations, cost-related concerns, etc. are some obstacles to breast cancer care in Hispanic and Latino groups (February 2019).

In 2018, the prevalence of up-to-date mammography was lower in Hispanics (55%-60%) than non-Hispanic Blacks (65%), non-Hispanic whites (64%), and American Indian/Alaska Natives (64%).

The high prevalence of obesity, dietary patterns, and lack of physical activity has been correlated with an increase in breast cancer risks, and Hispanics are disproportionately impacted by these factors.

There is generally a lowered risk of breast cancer development in Hispanic populations, with Hispanic having a 2.5% less chance of developing breast cancer than the US national average (February 2018).

Birth place (US vs non-US born) can influence the environmental factors playing a part in breast cancer prevalence in Non-White Hispanic and Latino populations (September 2020).

130.8 per 100,000 describes the breast cancer incidence rate for non-white Hispanics and Latinos (September 2021).

There is a 13.8 per 100,000 breast cancer mortality rate for Hispanic women (2021).

Delays in follow up care are a barrier to breast cancer treatment for Hispanics and Latinos, accounting for their common late-diagnoses (2021).

Poorer quality of life and higher depression rates are associated with latinas with breast cancer in comparison to non-latina breast cancer survivors (2021).

Lowered socioeconomic status in Hispanics and Latinos contributes to lowered insurance rates, correlated with higher rates of breast cancer mortality in hispanics and Latinos (December 2019).

There have been links proven between childhood obesity and breast cancer development, which is exacerbated in Hispanic and Latino populations (December 2019).

Barriers to screenings include lack of health insurance, low income or worry about cost, lack of access to mammography centers, cultural and language differences, etc.

Language barriers, lack of screenings, dangerous stereotypes, etc. represent just a few of the obstacles AAPI populations face to receive breast cancer treatment (January 2023).

In 2018, the prevalence of up-to-date mammography was lower in Asians (55%-60%) than non-Hispanic Blacks (65%), non-Hispanic whites (64%), and American Indian/Alaska Natives (64%).

Asian/Pacific Islanders are at a lifetime risk of 11% in acquiring breast cancer (March 2022). 

There has been a relatively steady increase in incidence rates based on race/ethnicity; incidence rates increased the most in Asian/Pacific Islander (1.5% per year), followed by American Indian/Alaskan Natives (0.8% per year), and non-Hispanic Blacks and whites (0.5% per year); the rates were stable among Hispanics.

Some of the largest breast cancer incidence increases have been among Koreans and Southeast Asians, with the AAPI population itself experiencing overall increases in cancer incidence (April 2017).

There have been many studies finding links between higher socioeconomic status in Asians and increased breast cancer risk, based upon neighborhood composition (April 2021).

Lowered English proficiency poses a significant challenge to many Asian Americans, making receiving breast cancer treatment significantly more challenging (March 2015).

Barriers to screenings include lack of health insurance, low income or worry about cost, lack of access to mammography centers, cultural and language differences, etc.

Lack of cancer care, distance needed to travel to receive care, extensive paperwork, long wait times, etc. pose significant barriers to screening (October 2016).

American Indian/Alaskan Natives tend to struggle with access of care and utilization of cancer screening services.

American Indian/Alaska Natives have a breast cancer incidence rate of 110.5 per 100,000 (June 2022).

There is a 14.8 per 100,000 mortality rate for this population (2021).

Native American women are said to be about 7% more likely to obtain breast cancer and 10% more likely to die from the disease, in comparison to non-Hispanic white women (March 2022).

There is a significant association between depressive symptoms and cancer acquisition in American Indian and Alaska Native populations (2019).

Barriers to screenings include lack of health insurance, low income or worry about cost, lack of access to mammography centers, cultural and language differences, etc.

Even high risk female veterans are not routinely screened for breast cancer, proving to be a significant barrier to their cancer care access (May 2021).

Staggeringly, women veterans are almost 40% more likely to develop breast cancer in comparison to civilians (April 2022).

Airborne toxins from burned plastics, water contamination, pesticides, etc. represent some of the environmental factors influencing breast cancer development in veterans consistently exposed due to the nature of their jobs (May 2020).

With many exposures related to service and acquired PTSD, veterans are put at an extreme risk of acquiring breast cancer (May 2021).

With war traumas having lasting effects on veterans, many struggle with PTSD exacerbating their risk of developing breast cancer (May 2021).

Barriers to screenings include lack of health insurance, low income or worry about cost, lack of access to mammography centers, cultural and language differences, etc.

Insurance coverage, finding trusted healthcare professionals and locations providing needed services, etc. are just a few of the barriers to treatment for LGBTQ+ cancer populations (February 2018).

Tobacco and alcohol are just two factors disproportionately impacting the LGBTQ+'s breast cancer prevalence (February 2020).

Misperceived breast cancer risk rates, healthcare provider discrimination, etc. can impact breast cancer rates within the LGBTQ+ population (2021).

LGBTQ+ breast cancer survivors have reported greater anxiety levels coupled with lowered quality of life and social wellbeing (July 2018). 

“Higher rates of lung cancer among Blacks occur even though they have lower smoking rates, smoke fewer cigarettes per day, and are less likely to be heavy smokers, compared to Whites.”

Black Americans with lung cancer are 10% more likely than white Americans to not receive treatment and 15% less likely to be diagnosed early, alarming statistics that significantly contributed the worsened Black American lung cancer survival rates (October 2022).

“Lung cancer in non-smokers is almost exclusively non-small cell lung cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-smoking women are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smoking men.”

Cigarette smoke serves as the main environmental exposure causing lung cancer in many African Americans (April 2015).

“Non-Hispanic blacks are more likely to live in counties that had worse problems with particle pollution, researchers found in a 2011 analysis.”

Non-Hispanic Blacks are disproportionately impacted by lung cancer compared to non-Hispanic whites despite have lower smoking prevalence.

Black men are about 11% more likely to receive a lung cancer diagnosis in comparison to their white counterparts (2019).

African American men have the highest mortality rate among all racial/ethnicity group.

Relative survival rates among Blacks are 52% when diagnosed in at the localized stage, but early detection only happens with 16% of diagnoses due to the lack of symptoms.

The 5-year relative survival rate for NH Blacks are 16% compared to NH whites which is 19%.

African Americans/Black men have the highest incidence rate (71.2/100,000 persons) compared to other racial/ethnic groups.

The Black and Native Hawaiian population have the highest incidence rates of lung cancer, while the Hispanic and Asian population have the lowest incidence rates.

In July 2020, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended lowering the initial age for screening from 55 to 50 and lowered smoking history from 30 pack-years to 20 pack-years.These criterions also reflect the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and can further cause disparities for populations to be ineligible for screening.

People on Medicaid (25.5%) and uninsured (24%) are over twice the rate to smoke than those with private insurance (11.1%).

Individuals with mental illness experienced an increase in lung cancer due to higher smoking prevalence and reduction in cancer screenings.

Limited transportation services, lung cancer understanding, and support resources are all barriers to African American access to lung cancer care (December 2014).

Unfamiliarity with providers and even cultural attitudes/beliefs can play a significant role in preventing many African Americans from receiving lung cancer treatment (December 2014).

Some findings have shown that socioeconomic status in Black/African Americans can have a greater impact on lung cancer diagnosis than ancestry (October 2013).

“Lung cancer in non-smokers is almost exclusively non-small cell lung cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-smoking women are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smoking men.”

While Latinos have the lowest smoking rates of any other racial group in the US, they are disproportionately impacted by air pollution from transporation and ongoing wildfires impacting their community (September 2022).

"Hispanics are more likely to live in counties that had worse problems with particle pollution, researchers found in a 2011 analysis."

In July 2020, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended lowering the initial age for screening from 55 to 50 and lowered smoking history from 30 pack-years to 20 pack-years. These criterions also reflect the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and can further cause disparities for populations to be ineligible for screening.

People on Medicaid (25.5%) and uninsured (24%) are over twice the rate to smoke than those with private insurance (11.1%).

Individuals with mental illness experienced an increase in lung cancer due to higher smoking prevalence and reduction in cancer screenings.

The heavy presence of family support and religious beliefs has been proven to influence Latinos' lung cancer treatment effectivity (July 2016).

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Hispanic men, and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in Hispanic women.

Lessened immunotherapy and clinical trial access can pose a significant barrier to lung cancer treatment for many Hispanic/Latino individuals (June 2020).

Lung Cancer incidence rates are about 49.8 for Hispanic men and 26.4 for Hispanic women (April 2023). 

With Hispanic individuals being more likely to face economic adversity and less likely to have health insurance, they are given less access to lung cancer care (June 2016). 

“Lung cancer in non-smokers is almost exclusively non-small cell lung cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-smoking women are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smoking men.”

High Asian American smoking prevalence serves as a significant contributor to increased lung cancer rates in this population (May 2017).

In July 2020, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended lowering the initial age for screening from 55 to 50 and lowered smoking history from 30 pack-years to 20 pack-years. These criterions also reflect the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and can further cause disparities for populations to be ineligible for screening.

People on Medicaid (25.5%) and uninsured (24%) are over twice the rate to smoke than those with private insurance (11.1%).

Systemic perceptions, such as the model minority myth, can continue to persist against Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, propagating lessened access to cancer care (June 2017).

Individuals with mental illness experienced an increase in lung cancer due to higher smoking prevalence and reduction in cancer screenings.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression, coupled with internalized stigmas, are just a few examples of psychosocial factors impacting AAPI lung cancer treatment (August 2022).

Underrepresentation in clinical trials and health-care leadership, limited cultural competencies, and even harmful stereotypes (such as the modern minority myth) can all impact Asian Americana and Pacific Islanders' access to lung cancer care (June 2022).

After black and white men, Asian American/Pacific Islander males have the 3rd highest rate of being newly diagnosed with lung cancer (2023).

The current incidence of lung cancer amongst Asian/Pacific Islander groups are about 25.5 for AAPI men and 18.8 for AAPI women (April 2023).

There is evidence pointing to air pollution and neighborhood social environments (ethnic enclave specific) contributing to the development of lung cancer in some Asian American individuals who have never smoked (February 2022).

“Lung cancer in non-smokers is almost exclusively non-small cell lung cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-smoking women are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smoking men.”

Cigarette smoking coupled with environmental tobacco exposure (used for traditional purposes) can increase lung cancer prevalence in much of the American Indian/Alaska Native population (June 2014).

People on Medicaid (25.5%) and uninsured (24%) are over twice the rate to smoke than those with private insurance (11.1%).

With the highest smoking rates among American Indian/Alaska Native populations, these individuals are systemically put at higher risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer (June 2020).

Lack of collaboration between community leaders and healthcare professionals coupled with over 25% of AI/AN individuals lacking health insurance contributes to limited access to lung cancer care for many American Indians/Alaska Natives (November 2016).

In comparison to white Americans, Native Americans are much more likely to develop cancer younger, particularly for those living in Northern Plains states (August 2022).

Lung cancer incidence rates for AIAN Women is about 35.5 per 100,000 and 40.9 per 100,000 for men (2021).

There is an 83% higher rate of lung cancer in AIAN communities over non-Hispanic white communities (2022).

“Lung cancer in non-smokers is almost exclusively non-small cell lung cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-smoking women are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smoking men.”

With Agent Orange exposure coupled with exposure to burn pits as well as other toxins, environmental factors can pose a significant contributor to lung cancer risk for many veterans (November 2021). 

In July 2020, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended lowering the initial age for screening from 55 to 50 and lowered smoking history from 30 pack-years to 20 pack-years. These criterions also reflect the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and can further cause disparities for populations to be ineligible for screening.

People on Medicaid (25.5%) and uninsured (24%) are over twice the rate to smoke than those with private insurance (11.1%).

Individuals with mental illness experienced an increase in lung cancer due to higher smoking prevalence and reduction in cancer screenings.

Compared to the general population, military service members are 25% more likely to receive a lung cancer diagnosis.

Lung cancer is extremely present in military communities ranging from 24-38% of smoking Service Members, in comparison to only 14% of the general population (June 2023).

Geographic disparities and limited care coordination across various healthcare systems can both impact access to lung cancer care for many veterans (July 2021).

There are about 8000 veterans who become diagnosed with lung cancer and are then treated by the VA every year (April 2023).

Among American Indians/Alaska Natives, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death within these populations (November 2019).

Lung cancer serves as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among veterans (August 2020).

Lower socioeconomic status in veterans is correlated with delayed/absent follow up in lung cancer care (June 2022).

“Lung cancer in non-smokers is almost exclusively non-small cell lung cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-smoking women are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smoking men.”

LGBTQ+ communities are put at increased smoking risk, increasing the prevalence of lung cancer in these communities (April 2023).

In July 2020, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended lowering the initial age for screening from 55 to 50 and lowered smoking history from 30 pack-years to 20 pack-years. These criterions also reflect the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and can further cause disparities for populations to be ineligible for screening.

People on Medicaid (25.5%) and uninsured (24%) are over twice the rate to smoke than those with private insurance (11.1%).

Individuals with mental illness experienced an increase in lung cancer due to higher smoking prevalence and reduction in cancer screenings.

Fears of expressing one's sexuality to health care professionals has increased stress and anxiety within LGBTQ+ populations, making receiving lung cancer care very difficult for many (June 2022).

Smoking is higher in the LGBTQ+ community compared to heterosexual individuals; bisexuals tend to have the highest smoking rates among subgroups.

Stigmatization fears and providers' lacking LGBTQ+ health knowledge bases can both impede access to lung cancer care for many LGBTQ+ individuals (October 2017).

5% more LGBTQ+ adults smoke than straight adults, which has been found to increase the amount of LGBTQ+ individuals with lung cancer (June 2021).

Socioeconomic risk factors have contributed to an increased risk of cancer and access to PSA testing should be available to younger men.

African American men are more likely to have a lowered socioeconomic status in comparison to other men, which is linked to higher cancer chances with reduced medical care and payment access (March 2021).

A study found that Black men diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer were less likely to receive any type of treatment than white men.

African American/Blacks in the US are 1.5 times more likely to develop prostate cancer compared to whites and 3 times more likely compared to Asian Americans.

Based on 2018 CDC data and per 100,000 people, African Americans/Blacks had an incidence rate of 164.4, whites had 98.7, Hispanics had 80.2, Asian and Pacific Islanders had 55.5 and American Indian/Alaskan Native had 47.2

African American/Blacks in the US are 2.2 times more likely to die from prostate cancer compared to whites and 4 times more likely compared to Asian Americans.

Blacks are more susceptible to having prostate cancer that is more aggressive and less likely to receive adequate treatment.

More Blacks need to be considered in research studies; changing guidelines may need to be suggested to get earlier screening done this population.

Limited clinical trial participation and poor communication with healthcare providers all act as barriers to prostate cancer treatment for many African American men (September 2022). 

Overall diet and lifestyle factors are some of the environmental factors triggering increased risk of prostate cancer in African Americans (February 2022). 

The prevalence of prostate cancer among black/African American men is much higher than their Caucasian male counterparts (2022).

African Americans face unequal levels of psychosocial stressors in comparison to their Caucasian counterparts (2019).

Lack of trust in the healthcare system coupled with patient-physician miscommunication and minimized prostate cancer information all serve as systemic factors impacting prostate cancer care for many African Americans (2022).

Socioeconomic risk factors have contributed to an increased risk of cancer and access to PSA testing should be available to younger men.

“From 2012-2016, Hispanic men were 10 percent less likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than non-Hispanic white men.”

From 2014-2018, Hispanic men were 20 percent less likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than non-Hispanic white men (August 2021).

The most diagnosed cancer among Hispanic men is prostate cancer.

Amongst Hispanic/Latino men, prostate cancer is most commonly diagnosed among these individuals (2022).

Language barriers coupled with less access to prostate cancer educational materials act as limiting factors to prostate cancer care for many Hispanics/Latinos (September 2022).

Language barriers coupled with less access to prostate cancer educational materials act as limiting factors to prostate cancer care for many Hispanics/Latinos (September 2022).

The incidence rate of new prostate cancer cases in non-white Hispanics/Latinos is 80.2 per 100,000 individuals (2018).

There are about 2000 deaths attributed to prostate cancer every year by Hispanics/Latinos (September 2022). 

Amongst Hispanics/Latinos, prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis (December 2019). 

Cultural taboos on prostate cancer screening conversations can pose a significant barrier in this screening type for many Hispanic/Latino individuals (December 2014).

Socioeconomic risk factors have contributed to an increased risk of cancer and access to PSA testing should be available to younger men.

Veterans exposed to herbicides called Agent Orange in the Vietnam and Korean War have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and more aggressive forms of it.

Rates of prostate cancer have continually increased amongst US Veterans over the past decade (October 2021). 

There has been some connection found between Agent Orange, a herbicide, and increasing risk of prostate cancer within veterans (May 2016).

About 11,000 men in the veterans association system are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year (October 2019).

Prostate cancer makes up about 30% of new cancer diagnoses in the veterans affairs system (2016). 

There has been an association found between depressive/trauma related symptoms and barriers to prostate cancer screening (September 2014).

Socioeconomic risk factors have contributed to an increased risk of cancer and access to PSA testing should be available to younger men.

For many Asian Americans, barriers through care access, language, health literacy, and one's socioeconomic status can limit prostate cancer care (October 2021). 

From 2014-2018, Asian/Pacific Islander men were 50 percent less likely to have prostate cancer, as compared to non-Hispanic white men (2021).

The incidence rate of new prostate cancer cases in Asian American/Pacific Islander populations is 55.5 cases per 100,000 people (2018).

The prostate cancer specific mortality rate among Asian American and Pacific Islander men is about 1.6% (March 2023).

Asian American/Pacific Islander men have actually been found to be half as likely to have prostate cancer than their non-Hispanic white counterparts (2021). 

Socioeconomic risk factors have contributed to an increased risk of cancer and access to PSA testing should be available to younger men.

American Indians/Alaska Natives continue to face barriers to prostate cancer through lowered screening rates and limited treatment access (April 2023). 

The incidence rate of new prostate cancer in American Indians/Alaskan Natives is 47.2 cases per 100,000 people (2018). 

The prostate cancer mortality rate among American Indians/Alaska Natives is about 3% (March 2023).

American Indian/Alaska Native populations tend to have more advanced prostate cancer, greater mortality rates, and lowered definitive treatment rates (April 2023).

American Indian and Alaska Native persons are most likely to receive high-risk prostate cancer diagnoses (2023).

Socioeconomic risk factors have contributed to an increased risk of cancer and access to PSA testing should be available to younger men.

Lack of medical training to LGBTQ+ needs can pose a barrier for many LGBTQ+ patients accessing prostate cancer care (October 2022). 

Members of the LGBTQ+ community with prostate cancer have tended to report higher levels of psychological and cancer-pertaining distress, coupled with lowered quality of life in comparison to their cisgender counterparts (September 2022).

African Americans have twice the risk of developing multiple myeloma compared to white Americans, and they are diagnosed younger than whites too.

African Americans will roughly make up about a quarter of the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in 2034.

According to 2018 CDC data, Blacks have the highest incidence rates of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with 13.2 per 100,000 people, followed by Hispanics with 6.4 per 100,000 people, and whites with 5.9 per 100,000 people.

The highest prevalence of the multiple myeloma precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), is among Blacks in America.

Black individuals are more likely to both acquire multiple myeloma in their lifetime and have a lowered chance of survival (2023). 

According to 2018 CDC data, Blacks have the highest mortality rates of multiple myeloma with 5.6 per 100,000 people, followed by American Indian and Alaska Native with 3 per 100,000 people, and whites with 2.9 per 100,000 people.

Reports show that African Americans are having early onset of multiple myeloma compared to whites. It is also possible that Hispanics are diagnosed earlier than African Americans as well.

Blacks have lower rates of stem cell transplantation (SCT) treatments compared to whites.

Bringing proper awareness to the Black community about multiple myeloma can help decrease the risk of developing the disease since they are the most impacted by it.

Patients that had Medicare only or Medicaid were significantly less likely to receive novel therapeutic agents of SCT compared with patients with private insurance.

There are some suggestions that radiation exposure and even genetic risk can play an increasingly high role in multiple myeloma risk for many African Americans (April 2017).

People living in rural areas have barriers that prevent them from gaining access to novel therapies, transplant centers, and enrollment clinical trials.

Black Americans have been shown to be more likely to live in lower-income areas, limiting their access to multiple myeloma care (January 2023). 

Lowered access to novel treatment and testing, in addition to mistrust in the healthcare system can all contribute to less access to multiple myeloma care for many African Americans (2023).

Radiation poses an extreme environmental risk of multiple myeloma for many Black/African American populations (April 2017).

Black Americans have been shown to be exposed to greater psychosocial stressor levels, coupled with disproportional levels of metabolic syndromes, have made multiple myeloma treatment extremely difficult for this group (January 2023).

Clinical trial underrepresentation for many African Americans, propagating systems of medical mistrust within the community, can pose a significant barrier to multiple myeloma cancer treatment (March 2022).

There is suggested evidence that veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange in the Vietnam War have an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma.

Within veterans, multiple myeloma is about 1-2% of all cancers (August 2022).

Patients that had Medicare only or Medicaid were significantly less likely to receive novel therapeutic agents of SCT compared with patients with private insurance.

People living in rural areas have barriers that prevent them from gaining access to novel therapies, transplant centers, and enrollment clinical trials.

Contact with Agent Orange, a pesticide, has been known to emit greater multiple myeloma risk in many veterans (August 2022).

Veterans' high rates of traumatic brain injury, PTSD, and depression can all contribute to an increased risk of multiple myeloma cancer within these populations (August 2021).

Reports show that Hispanics are having early onset of multiple myeloma compared to whites.

Hispanics have lower rates of stem cell transplantation (SCT) treatments compared to whites, but recent studies show that Hispanics may have the lowest rates of the treatment.

Patients that had Medicare only or Medicaid were significantly less likely to receive novel therapeutic agents of SCT compared with patients with private insurance.

People living in rural areas have barriers that prevent them from gaining access to novel therapies, transplant centers, and enrollment clinical trials.

Hispanics tend to live in areas with lowered socioeconomic status and education levels, limiting their access to multiple myeloma cancer care (March 2023).

Immigration status limiting medical coverage, language barriers, difficulties with navigating the enrollment process, and medical mistrust all serve as barriers to medical access for many Hispanics/Latinos (May 2023).

Benzene and pesticide exposure have been noted to be two environmental factors leading to increased multiple myeloma risk in many Hispanic/Latin Americans (August 2020).

Hispanics/Latinos had a higher incidence of multiple myeloma cancer than white individuals, with a rate of about 9.9 per 100,000 individuals (April 2021).

Hispanics have higher rates of in-hospital mortality in comparison to other ethnic groups and have an increased mortality risk, even when diagnosed early with multiple myeloma (March 2023).

Patients that had Medicare only or Medicaid were significantly less likely to receive novel therapeutic agents of SCT compared with patients with private insurance.

People living in rural areas have barriers that prevent them from gaining access to novel therapies, transplant centers, and enrollment clinical trials.

Drug claims have varied by race, creating a correlation between multiple myeloma outcomes and socioeconomic factors (April 2018).

Multiple Myeloma mortality has been shown to be lowest among Asian populations, with mortality decreasing by about 12% from 2000 to 2020 (2022).

Environmental factors, including crowded housing and homeownership, can both act as barriers to multiple myeloma cancer care for many Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders (2022). 

Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders have had increasing multiple myeloma incidence rates by about 2.19% annually (January 2022).

Within Asians/Pacific Islanders, the populations’ Multiple Myeloma mortality rate has been identified to be 16 per every 1000,000 persons (November 2022). 

Patients that had Medicare only or Medicaid were significantly less likely to receive novel therapeutic agents of SCT compared with patients with private insurance.

People living in rural areas have barriers that prevent them from gaining access to novel therapies, transplant centers, and enrollment clinical trials.

Historical mistrust of medical research, mistreatment by government authorities, and limited access to specialists at non-IHS (Indian Health Service) facilities can minimize access to multiple myeloma cancer care for many American Indians/Alaska Natives (May 2023).

Multiple myeloma has decreased mortality rates in American Indian/Alaska Native populations by about 52% from 2000 to 2020 (2022).

Native American men tend to have higher incidence rates of multiple myeloma than white men (July 2022).

With American Indians/Native Americans, the multiple myeloma mortality rate is 22.7 per every 1000,000 persons (2022).

Patients that had Medicare only or Medicaid were significantly less likely to receive novel therapeutic agents of SCT compared with patients with private insurance.

People living in rural areas have barriers that prevent them from gaining access to novel therapies, transplant centers, and enrollment clinical trials.

Limited access to care coupled with late detection can serve as significant barriers to care for many Native Americans and Alaska Natives (February 2022).

From 1998 to 2018, the incidence of pancreatic cancer in American Indian/Alaska Native populations has been steadily increasing by 1.8% (2022).

The pancreatic cancer incidence rate in American Indian/Alaska Native populations is about 6.6 per 100,000 (2023).

Past historical trauma has caused many American Indian/Alaska Native individuals to fear seeking out pancreatic cancer treatment (February 2022).

Insurance status, income, Medicaid enrollment, and poverty levels serve as a significant barrier to pancreatic cancer care for many American Indian/Alaska Native populations (2022).

American Indian/Native Alaskan populations face historical traumas that continually drive them to lack access to efficient pancreatic cancer care (2022).

Limited clinical trial participation has proven to be a significant barrier to pancreatic cancer care for many African Americans (2021).

Cigarette smoking coupled with type 2 diabetes and obesity has been found to increase pancreatic disease and cancer risk for many African Americans (May 2023).

The pancreatic cancer incidence rate in black/African American populations is 15.3 per 100,000 (2023).

For African Americans, the pancreatic cancer mortality rate is about 13.3 per 100,000 individuals (2023).

Acute pancreatitis and obesity disproportionately impact black Americans, leading to a greater risk of pancreatic cancer in these populations (May 2023).

Fears of mistreatment because of homophobic and transphobic experiences serves as a significant barrier to pancreatic care access for many LGBTQ+ members (June 2022).

Healthcare providers' past and present interactions with their patients can prove to be a significant barrier to care for many LGBTQ+ individuals (June 2023).

Cultural understanding can be a significant factor in LGBTQ+ communities receiving pancreatic cancer treatment (June 2023).

Limited clinical trial enrollment serves as a significant barrier to pancreatic care access for many Hispanic/Latino individuals (September 2017).

Pancreatic cancer mortality rates for Hispanic/Latino individuals is lower in these groups than the rates of Caucasian individuals (2019).

Insurance status plays a significant role in late-stage pancreatic cancer diagnosis for many minority populations (March 2023).

There is a rising incidence of pancreatic cancer in the Asian American-Pacific Islander population (2021).

Smoking, poor diet, obesity, and alcohol consumption are some of the environmental factors contributing to pancreatic cancer risk for many Asian American/Pacific Islander individuals (July 2021).

The pancreatic cancer incidence rate in Asian American/Pacific Islander populations is about 9.6 per 100,000 (2023).

For Hispanic groups, the pancreatic cancer incidence rate is about 11.6 per 100,000 (January 2022).

For Asian American and Pacific Islander women, the pancreatic cancer mortality rate was about 7.1 per 100,000 from 2014-2018. For Asian American and Pacific Islander men, the pancreatic cancer death rate was about 8.8 per 100,000 from 2014-2018 (2021).